1827–1919 ∼ Ethnic Diversity
The Freedom Journal is the first African American newspaper (1827) / Alexis de Tocqueville publishes his classic book Democracy in America (1831–1840) / The weekly Independent is the most influential religious paper in the country, with over 6000 clergymen on its mailing list (1880) / Mexican Americans throughout the Southwest begin printing more newspapers (1880s–1920s) / Ten major magazines, published with a trend toward exposés, have a combined circulation of three million copies (1902–1906) / 17,000 weeklies, semi-weeklies, and tri-weeklies are published (1915) / The German-language press has a circulation of one million, the Polish and Yiddish press each have one million subscribers, the Italian American press has 700,000, and the Swedish American press has 500,000 (1914–1920) / Consolidation of larger newspapers for profitability (1900–1940)
MILESTONES: Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson that a person with mixed blood should be considered black (1896) • Wright brothers’ gasoline engine aircraft Flyer successfully flies at Kitty Hawk (1903) • Boy Scouts of America founded (1910) • Ford Motor Company initiates mass production of the automobile (1913) • Mass migration of workers across the nation (1915–1919) • The Espionage Act passed by Congress (1917) • The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act passed by Congress (1918)
1920–1929 ∼ Progressives and Intellectuals
Intellectuals publish in The Dial, The New Republic and The Atlantic Monthly (1920s) / Reader’s Digest founded for the lowbrow reader (1922) / Total advertising budget for the major newspapers rises to $860,000,000 (1920–1929) / Henry R.
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