The Moscow Papyrus refers to a document, originally purchased by V.S. Golenishchev that is now maintained at the Moscow Museum of Fine Art. The papyrus, discovered in 1890 and translated by 1930, dates to approximately about 1850 B.C. The author is unknown. The papyrus is approximately 15 feet (4.6 m) long and 3 in (7.6 cm) wide and relates 24 practical problems, such as that required to calculate the volume of a frustum (base of a pyramid). Not all of the contents of the Moscow Papyrus, however, remain readable; portions of some of its problems are damaged, lost, or illegible.
The Rhind Papyrus, named after Scottish Egyptologist A. Henry Rhind, physically dates to approximately 1650 B.C. The papyrus is also known as the Ahmes Papyrus, a name recognizing the scribe who is credited with authoring the document. The content of the Rhind Papyrus, however, comes from a more ancient document that dates back 200 years to around the time of the composition of the Moscow Papyrus.
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