Pharmacology, optics, chemistry, and alchemy were of particular interest to Arab scientists.
For many European scholars, so-called Arabian medicine was significant only in terms of the role it played in preserving Greek philosophy during the European Dark Ages. Until rather recent times, European scholarship generally dismissed evidence of originality in the works of medieval Arabic medical and scientific writers and assumed that the primary accomplishment of Arabic science, medicine, and philosophy was the preservation and transmission of ancient Greek learning. In general, however, medieval scholars, physicians, and philosophers accepted the writings of the ancients as true and authoritative. Since the 1970s scholars have redefined "Arabian medicine" as "Islamic medicine," in reference to the translation, assimilation, and transformation of the texts, theories, and concepts of the ancient Greek philosophers which were introduced into Arab countries in the ninth century. For contemporary scholars, Islamic medicine, therefore, reflects the assimilation, integration, and development of the many elements that formed Islamic culture.
The writings of Islamic physicians and philosophers, which were often presented as commentaries on the work of Galen, were eventually translated from Arabic into Latin and served as fundamental texts in European universities.
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