One advocate for such a new Chinese republic was Dr. Sun Yat-sen, whose call for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty drew devoted support. After years of less successful revolts throughout southern China, the central cities of Hankou, Hanyang, and Wuchang became sites of a 1911 revolt that would sweep across most of the country. Within a year, the Qing emperor, a six-year-old child, abdicated and put an end to 268 years of Qing rule, and more than 2,500 years of imperial rule. The period that followed, 1912-49, would come to be known as China's Republican Era.
Japanese occupation of China. China suffered the violence of Japanese occupation during the Republican Era. In 1915 Japan made its infamous "Twenty-one Demands," which required China to make major concessions in land and power. Some of the specific demands included Japanese supervision of police departments in important cities, the development of Japanese schools, hospitals, and churches in China, the right of the Japanese to circulate religious propaganda in China, and a merging of the Japanese-Chinese armed forces. China was outraged, and protest and violence swept the nation, but eventually it was forced to agree to a modified version of the demands.
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