Self-transformation is an important theme in The Autobiography of Malcolm X. While in prison, he is introduced to the world of Elijah Muhammad and his Nation of Islam. After studying single-mindedly until he is paroled, Malcolm is released from prison and becomes one of the movement's leading ministers. Malcolm's final transformation comes after his split with the Nation of Islam as he makes the holy pilgrimage to Mecca. His encounters with Islam as practiced in the Middle East and his experiences with the vast array of pilgrims begin to alter his strongly held ideas about race and class. He returns to the United States with a new outlook on the country's racial issues and new ideas about organizing a movement to end the oppression of the nation's African Americans. Before Malcolm X can realize his new vision, he is assassinated during a speech at New York's Audubon Ballroom.
Writer Alex Haley had just retired from twenty years in the U.S. Coast Guard when he heard about the rise of the Nation of Islam, the provocative version of African American Islam spearheaded by Elijah Muhammad in Detroit.
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