Timeline
- 1882: British forces invade and take control of Egypt.
- 1894: French army captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew, is convicted of treason. Dreyfus will later be cleared of all charges, but the Dreyfus case illustrates—and exacerbates—the increasingly virulent anti-Semitism that pervades France.
- 1899: Start of the Second Anglo-Boer War, often known simply as the Boer War.
- 1899: Polish-born German socialist Rosa Luxemburg rejects the argument that working conditions in Europe have improved, and that change must come by reforming the existing system. Rather, she calls for an overthrow of the existing power structure by means of violent international revolution.
- 1899: Aspirin introduced.
- 1900: Establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia.
- 1900: The first zeppelin is test-flown.
- 1900: Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
- 1900: German physicist Max Planck develops Planck's constant, a cornerstone of quantum theory.
- 1902: Second Anglo-Boer War ends in victory for Great Britain. It is a costly victory, however, resulting in the loss of more British lives (5,774) than any conflict between 1815 and 1914. The war also sees the introduction of concentration camps, used by the British to incarcerate Boer civilians.
- 1906: Founding of the British Labour Party.
- 1909: William Cadbury's Labour in Portuguese West Africa draws attention to conditions of slavery in Sã o Toméand Principe.
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