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Measurements | Research & Encyclopedia Articles

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Measurement Summary

 


Measurements

Data UnitAbbreviationEquivalent (Data Storage)Power of Ten
ByteB8 bits1 byte
KilobyteK, KB210 = 1,024 bytes1,000 (one thousand) bytes
MegabyteM, MB220 = 1,048,576 bytes1,000,000 (one million) bytes
GigabyteGB230 = 1,073,741,824 bytes1,000,000,000 (one billion) bytes
TerabyteTB240 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) bytes
PetabytePB250 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes1,000,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillion) bytes
TimeAbbreviationEquivalentAdditional Information
femtosecondfs, fsec10-15 seconds1 quadrillionth of a second
picosecondps, psec10-12 seconds1 trillionth of a second
nanosecondns, nsec10-9 seconds1 billionth of a second
microsecondμs, μsec10-6 seconds1 millionth of a second
millisecondms, msec10-3 seconds1 thousandth of a second
seconds, sec1/60 of a minute; 1/3,600 of an hour1 sixtieth of a minute; 1 thirty-six hundredths of an hour
minutem, min60 seconds; 1/60 of an hour1 sixtieth of an hour
hourh, hr60 minutes; 3,600 seconds 
dayd24 hours; 1,440 minutes; 86,400 seconds 
yeary, yr365 days; 8,760 hours 
1,000 hours 1.3888… months (1.4 months)1,000 ÷ (30 days × 24 hours)
8,760 hours 1 year365 days × 24 hours
1 million hours 114.15525… years1,000,000÷8,760
1 billion hours ∼114,200… years1,000 × 114.15525…
1 trillion hours ∼114,200,000 years1,000 × 114,200
LengthAbbreviationEquivalentAdditional Information
nanometernm10-9 meters (1 billionth of a meter)∼4/100,000,000 of an inch; ∼1/25,000,000 of an inch
micrometerμm10-6 meter (1 millionth of a meter)∼4/100,000 of an inch; ∼1/25,000 of an inch
millimetermm10-3 meter (1 thousandth of a meter)∼4/100 of an inch; ∼1/25 of an inch; (2/5 × 1/10)
centimetercm10-2 meter (1 hundredth of a meter); ∼1/2.54 of an inch∼2/5 of an inch (1 inch = 2.54 centimeters, exactly)
meterm100 centimeters; 3.2808 feet∼3 1/3 feet or 1.1 yards
kilometerkm1,000 meters; 0.6214 miles∼3/5 of a mile
milemi5,280 feet; 1.6093 kilometers1.6 × 103 meters
VolumeAbbreviationEquivalentAdditional Information
microliterμl1/1,000,000 liter1 millionth of a liter
milliliterml1/1,000 liter; 1 cubic centimeter1 thousandth of a liter
centilitercl1/100 liter1 hundredth of a liter
literl100 centiliters; 1,000 milliliters; 1,000,000 microliters; 1.0567 quarts (liquid)∼1.06 quarts (liquid)

Base 2 (Binary)Decimal (Base 10) EquivalentApproximations to Powers of Ten
201 
212 
224 
238 
2416 
2532 
2664 
27128102; 100; one hundred; 1 followed by 2 zeros
28256 
29512 
2101,024103; 1,000; one thousand; 1 followed by 3 zeros
2112,048 
2124,096 
2138,192 
21416,384 
21532,768 
21665,536 
217131,072 
218262,144 
219524,288 
2201,048,576106; 1,000,000; one million; 1 followed by 6 zeros
2212,097,152 
2224,194,304 
2238,388,608 
22416,777,216 
22533,554,432 
22667,108,864 
227134,217,728 
228268,435,456 
229536,870,912 
2301,073,741,824109; 1,000,000,000; one billion; 1 followed by 9 zeros
2312,147,483,648 
2324,294,967,296 
2338,589,934,592 
23417,179,869,184 
23534,359,738,368 
23668,719,476,736 
237137,438,953,472 
238274,877,906,944 
239549,755,813,888 
2401,099,511,627,7761012; 1,000,000,000,000; one trillion; 1 followed by 12 zeros
2501,125,899,906,842,6241015; 1,000,000,000,000,000; one quadrillion; 1 followed by 15 zeros
21001,267,650,600,228,229,401,496,703,205,3 761030; 1 followed by 30 zeros
2-11/2 
2-21/4 
2-31/8 
2-41/16 
2-51/32 
2-61/64 
2-71/1281/100; 10-2; 0.01; 1 hundredth
2-81/256 
2-91/512 
2-101/1,0241 /1000; 10-3; 0.001; 1 thousandth

Base 16 (Hexadecimal)Binary (Base 2) EquivalentDecimal (Base 10) EquivalentApproximations to Powers of Ten
160201 
1612416 
162282562 × 102; 2 hundred
1632124,0964 × 103; 4 thousand
16421665,53665 × 103; 65 thousand
1652201,048,5761 × 106; 1 million
16622416,777,216 
167228268,435,456 
1682324,294,967,2964 × 109; 4 billion
16923668,719,476,73668 × 109; 68 billion
16102401,099,511,627,7761 × 1012; 1 trillion
16-12-41/16 
16-22-81/256 
16-32-121/4,0961/4 × 10-3; 1/4-thousandth
16-42-161/65,536 
16-52-201/1,048,57610-6; 1 millionth
16-82-321/4,294,967,2961/4 × 10-9; 1/4-billionth
16-102-401/1,099,511,627,77610-12; 1 trillionth
Base 10 (Decimal)EquivalentVerbal Equivalent 
1001  
10110  
1021001 hundred 
1031,0001 thousand 
10410,000  
105100,000  
1061,000,0001 million  
10710,000,000  
108100,000,000  
1091,000,000,0001 billion 
101010,000,000,000  
1011100,000,000,000  
10121,000,000,000,0001 trillion 
10151,000,000,000,000,0001 quadrillion 
10-11/101 tenth 
10-21/1001 hundredth 
10-31/1,0001 thousandth 
10-61/1,000,0001 millionth 
10-91/1,000,000,0001 billionth 
10-121/1,000,000,000,0001 trillionth 
10-151/1,000,000,000,000,0001 quadrillionth 

Sizes of and Distance to ObjectsEquivalentAdditional Information
Diameter of Electron (classical)5.6 × 10-13 centimeters5.6 × 10-13 centimeters; roughly 10-12 centimeters
Mass of Electron9.109 × 10-28 gramsroughly 10-27 grams (1 gram = 0.0353 ounce)
Diameter of Proton10-15 meters10-13 centimeters
Mass of Proton1.67 × 10-24 gramsroughly 10-24 grams (about 1,836 times the mass of electron)
Diameter of Neutron10-15 meters10-13 centimeters
Mass of Neutron1.673 × 10-24 gramsroughly 10-24 grams (about 1,838 times the mass of electron)
Diameter of Atom (Electron Cloud)ranges from 1 × 10-10 to 5 × 10-10 meters;∼10-10 meters; ∼ 10-8 centimeters; ∼ 3.94 10 × 9 inches (roughly 4 billionth of an inch across or 1/250 millionth of an inch across)
Diameter of Atomic Nucleus10-14 meters∼10-12 centimeters (10,000 times smaller than an atom)
Atomic Mass (Atomic Mass Unit)1.66 × 10-27 kilogramsOne atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to 1.66 10-24 grams
Diameter of (standard) Pencil6 millimeters (0.236 inches)roughly 10-2 meters
Height (average) of Man and Womanman: 1.75 meters (5 feet, 8 inches) woman: 1.63 meters (5 feet, 4 inches)human height roughly 2 × 100 meters; 1/804.66 miles; 10-3 miles
Height of Mount Everest8,850 meters (29,035 feet)∼ 5.5 miles; roughly 104 meters
Radius (mean equatorial) of Earth6,378.1 kilometers (3,960.8 miles)∼ 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles); roughly 6.4 106 meters
Diameter (polar) of Earth12,713.6 kilometers (7,895.1 miles)∼ 12,800 kilometers (8,000 miles); roughly 1.28 × 107 meters (Earth's diameter is twice the Earth's radius)
Circumference (based on mean equatorial radius) of Earth40,075 kilometers (24,887 miles)∼ 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) (about 8 times the width of the United States) (Circumference = 2 × φ × Earth's radius)
Distance from Earth to Sun149,600,000 kilometers (92,900,000 miles)∼ 93,000,000 miles; ∼ 8.3 light-minutes; roughly 1011 meters; roughly 108 miles
Distance to Great Nebula in Andromeda Galaxy2.7 × 1019 kilometers (1.7 × 1019 miles)∼ 2.9 million light-years; roughly 1022 meters; roughly 1019 miles
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    Measurements from Macmillan Science Library: Computer Sciences. Copyright © 2001-2006 by Macmillan Reference USA, an imprint of the Gale Group. All rights reserved.
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