He also served as Principal of the Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology of the Army from 1890-1905. In 1905 he became Director of the Central Laboratory of the Army and Consultant Physician to the Army Medical Service.
Although Fibiger is often referred to in cautionary terms to demonstrate how researchers can leap to incorrect conclusions, he was a careful researcher and eminent scientist. His pioneering studies of randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrate this aspect of Fibiger's legacy. The British Medical Research Council's trial of streptomycin for pulmonary tuberculosis(1948) is often referred to as the first modern randomized clinical trial. However, the study of the effect of serum treatment on diphtheria published by Fibiger in 1898 was actually the first clinical trial in which randomization was recognized as a fundamental methodological principle. The Copenhagen diphtheria trial was conducted in 1896-1897. Although the results of previous trials were ambiguous and did not seem to justify the side effects caused by serum treatment, Fibiger discovered methodological deficiencies in previous trials. Fibiger believed that a rigorous new trial was necessary: his objective was to investigate the effects of serum treatment on the mortality and morbidity of patients suffering from diphtheria.
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