Two years later, when the Norman/English King Henry II (1133–1189) was made Lord of Ireland in 1171, this marked the beginning of a period of English rule that was to last until 1922. Numerous
insurrections occurred throughout the centuries against this domination, but because they were not popular widespread uprisings and because the Irish
factions could not unite as they had done in 1014, when they defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Clontarf, their rebellions were all crushed. On Easter morning of 1916
insurgents took to the streets of Dublin in a failed attempt to begin the revolution. What became known as the Easter Rising resulted in the rise to prominence of
Sinn Féin (meaning "we ourselves"), initially a minority movement which did not take part in the uprising but which grew rapidly as it was taken over by rebel nationalists in the aftermath of 1916. In 1919 the elected members of
Sinn Féin formed their own parliament,
Dáil Éireann, where they produced a Proclamation of Independence modeled on the French and American versions.
Following a war of independence waged by Sinn Féin's military wing, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), against British forces from 1919 to 1921, Ireland regained independence under the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.
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