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Hormonal Regulation | Research & Encyclopedia Articles

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Hormone Summary

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Hormonal Regulation

All types of cells are capable of receiving signals from their environment and mounting an appropriate response to the signal, such as chemotaxis toward a nutrient source or toward other cells emitting a pheromone. Thekey difference between microorganisms and more-complex plants and animals is that the former are largely independent, with each cell in contact with the environment. In contrast, more complex plants and animals are self-contained entities whose interior is mostly insulated from the environment. Animals have complex organ systems, with each organ specialized for a particular function. Therefore, the survival of the organism depends on the precise regulation of growth, differentiation, and metabolism in different groups of cells throughout the animal.

The endocrine system is the set of glands and other tissues responsible for coordinating cellular growth and differentiation, many aspects of

NUCLEAR RECEPTOR PARTNERS FOR RXR
ReceptorHormoneFunction
retinoic acid receptor (RAR)all-trans retinoic acid (vitamin A derivative)regulates important aspects of early embryonic development
thyroid hormone receptor (TR)triiodothyroninecontrols the body's basal metabolic rate
vitamin D3 receptor (VDR)vitamin D3regulates calcium homeostasis, other functions
fatty acid receptor (PPAR)fatty acid and eicosanoid ligandsregulates fat metabolism and the the body's ability to utilize insulin
bile acid receptor (FXR)bile acidregulates the transport of bile acids and cholesterol out of the cell
oxysterol receptor (LXR)oxysterolregulates the formation of bile acids from cholesterol
benzoate receptor (BXR)unknownunknown
steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR)multiple compoundsregulates degradative and detoxification enzymes
constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)multiple compoundsregulates degradative and detoxification enzymes

reproduction and embryological development, the maintenance of homeostasis, and a variety of cyclical phenomena (e.g., reproductive cycles).

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Hormonal Regulation from Macmillan Science Library: Genetics. Copyright © 2001-2006 by Macmillan Reference USA, an imprint of the Gale Group. All rights reserved.

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