Greenhouse Gases and Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is the physical mechanism by which the atmosphere helps to maintain Earth's surface temperature within a range comfortable for organisms and ecological processes. The greenhouse effect is largely a natural phenomenon, but its intensity may be changing because of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and some other gases in the atmosphere. These increased concentrations are occurring as a result of human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests. A probable consequence of an intensification of Earth's greenhouse effect will be a significant warming of the atmosphere. This could likely result in important secondary changes, such as a rise in sea level, variations in the patterns of precipitation, and large and difficult ecological and socio-economic adjustments.
Earth's greenhouse effect is a well-understood physical phenomenon. Scientists believe that in the absence of the greenhouse effect, Earth's surface temperature would average about −0.4°F (−18°C), which is colder than the freezing point of water, and more frigid than life could tolerate long term. By slowing the rate at which the planet cools itself, the greenhouse effect helps to maintain Earth's surface at an average temperature of about 59°F (15°C). This is about 59.5°F (33°C) warmer than it would otherwise be, and is within the range of temperature that life can tolerate.
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