Kenneth came of age in Harlem during its political and cultural zenith in the 1920s.
Kenneth was educated in the desegregated public elementary and junior high schools of Harlem. His mother encouraged the intellectual pursuits and academic education of her son, and advocated for hisadmission to George Washington High School, where he graduated in 1931. That same year he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. Clark received his B.A. (1935) and M.S. (1936) degrees from Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he became a leader in demonstrations opposing racial segregation. While a graduate student and teaching assistant in the psychology department at Howard University, Clark met and married Mamie Phipps, from Little Rock, Arkansas. The two went on to become the first and second African-American students to earn doctorate degrees in psychology from Columbia University in New York.
It was Mamie Phipps-Clark's 1939 master's thesis at Howard University, titled "The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children," that initiated the couple's extensive intellectual collaboration throughout their professional careers. They studied how young children's race affects their self-concept and self-esteem. Between 1939 and 1950, the Clarks published their innovative research in the Journal of Social Psychology and other scientific journals.
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