Also known as cytogenetic mapping or genetic mapping, chromosome mapping is a technique used to locate particular characteristics (coded for by specific genes) on specific chromosomes and regions within those chromosomes. By knowing the location of genes on a chromosome, predictive statements can be made about the inheritance of their characteristics. Initially, the maps of chromosomes were produced by looking at the inheritance of mutant conditions. Presently, a variety of techniques, ranging from physical observation of chromosomes to breeding experiments where the relative frequencies of specific offspring are considered, are used to map chromosomes.

If two characteristics are considered (and hence their controlling genes), both of which are present in one parent, then the frequency in which they occur together in the offspring is used in constructing the map. For example, Gregor Johann Mendel studied the flower color and plant height of peas and found that...