O. Wilson published
Sociobiology in 1975. Those who supported the hypothesis of a direct link between the XYY karyotype and aggressive, even criminal, behavior tended to favor the old concept that "biology is destiny." In this case, "biology" was manifest in the chromosome number of XYY males.
Since the 1950s clinical cytogeneticists have discovered several major syndromes in which the number of chromosomes per cell nucleus differs from 46, the normal human chromosome number. The human chromosome complement consists of 23 pairs of varying size and shape. Normally, 23 chromosomes are inherited from each parent. In each set of chromosomes, 2 are known as the sex chromosomes (X and Y), and the other 22 pairs are known as the autosomes. Human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome. Errors in chromosome patterns can occur during the formation of the egg or sperm or during embryological development. As a group, chromosomal abnormalities contribute to reproductive loss, infertility, stillbirths, congenital malformations, mental retardation, abnormal sexual development, mental retardation, and cancers. Chromosomal abnormalities appear to cause a significant fraction of all spontaneous abortions. At least 60 syndromes of varying severity are associated with specific chromosomal abnormalities.
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