Architectural Ethics
It is estimated that 90 percent of contemporary human existence takes place within built environments. It is also well known that the onset of illness and death is more rapid and often more prevalent as a result of inadequate shelter than of inadequate food supply. As economies shift to urban centers throughout the world with little or no civic infrastructure to receive their bulging populations, homelessness has become a global pandemic—and yet buildings alone are now considered responsible for at least 50 percent of all environmental waste. It is therefore surprising that a comprehensive ethical discourse, compared to other disciplines or professions, is relatively nonexistent within contemporary architectural, graphic, interior, industrial, landscape, urban, and regional design practices. This, according to scholars, was not always the case. In most premodern societies, and in many traditional or non-Western societies in the early twenty-first century, making and ethics were, and are, intertwined if not inseparable. Whenever eighteenth-century Enlightenment principles were uncritically adopted or imposed by force around the world, architects and designers—often in tandem with their clients and communities of users—rapidly abandoned their traditional discourse and practice of ethics, bowing to the demands of utilitarian market forces.
The Central Issues
The recovery of an architecture and design ethics within this postindustrial context begins with four key questions: What is (and is not) architecture and environmental design? Who is ethically responsible for the built environment? What are they ethically responsible for? And, how is ethics manifest through architecture and environmental design?
WHAT IS (AND IS NOT) ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN? This question attempts to define the boundaries and scope of the terms within which an ethics can be discussed.
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