An archeological map is used to relate the findings of an examination of an area (usually a dig or remote sensing analysis) to a particular set of geophysical coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude). Archeological maps usually relate findings to three dimensions, including depth or altitude. Archeological maps help archeologists maintain accurate records that allows them to relate the results of their examination, to GIS maps and other specialized data processing and data depiction programs.

Before any excavation is begun at a site, the archeologist must prepare a survey map of the site. Site mapping may be as simple as a sketch of the site boundaries, or as complex as a topographic map complete with details about vegetation, artifacts, structures, and features on the site. By recording the presence of artifacts on the site, the site map may reveal information about the way the site was...