A compressor serves as a pump, pressurizing the refrigerant and circulating it through the system. Pressurized refrigerant is liquefied in a condenser, liberating heat. Liquid refrigerant passes through an expansion device into an evaporator where it boils and expands into a vapor, absorbing heat in the process.
Some air conditioning systems use an absorption refrigeration system (Figure 2). Absorption refrigeration systems work by evaporating refrigerant in an evaporator, with the refrigerant vapor then absorbed by an absorbent medium, from which it is subsequently expelled by heating in a generator and changed back into liquid in a condenser. Absorption systems may use a pump to help circulate the refrigerant. The most common absorption systems used for air conditioning use water as an absorbent and ammonia as a refrigerant or lithium bromide salt as an absorber and water as a refrigerant.
For heating purposes, most air conditioning systems use fossil-fueled furnaces to heat air, or boilers to heat water or produce steam. Forced air systems use a blower fan and ductwork to distribute conditioned air to points of use. Air quality is enhanced in forced-air systems through the use of filters.
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