Rorschach.

The ink-blot test devised to study personality and diagnose psychopathologic conditions was introduced in 1921 by Hermann Rorschach. Rorschach, a Swiss psychiatrist, created the test as a series of ten symmetrical ink spots that a patient would be asked to interpret. Although previous psychiatrists used the ink-blot test in free-association exercises, they used the test to study thematic content. Rorschach believed that the test could be used for more complete evaluation of a patient's condition. Through systematic analysis of factors cited by the patient, such as attention to wholes or details, color, shading, and apparent movement in human form, Rorschach could detect psychological processes or structure of the patient's personality. He also believed patterns as reported by the patient would lead to the diagnosis of certain clinical disorders. The accuracy of the Rorschach ink-blot test has been challenged by some scientists. Nevertheless, it is...