[Footnote 40:  Or, “pounds weight of bronze,” originally reckoned by the possession of a certain number of jugera (20 jugera being equal to 5,000 asses).]

[Footnote 41:  Between the ages of forty-six and sixty.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 42:  Between the ages of seventeen and forty-six—­D.O.].

[Footnote 43:  A ceremony of purification, from sus, ovis, and taurus:  the three victims were led three times round the army and sacrificed to Mars.  The ceremony took place every fifth year]

[Footnote 44:  These were the walls of Rome down to about 271-276 A.D., when the Emperor Aurelian began the walls that now inclose the city.  Remains of the Servian wall are numerous and of considerable extent.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 45:  On the summit of the Aventine.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 46:  Those introduced by Tarquinius Priscus, as related above.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 47:  At the foot of the Alban Hill.  The general councils of the Latins were held here up to the time of their final subjugation.]

[Footnote 48:  A few ruins on the Via Praenestina, about nine miles from the Porta Maggiore, mark the site of Gabii.  They are on the bank of the drained Lago Castiglione, whence Macaulay’s “Gabii of the Pool".—­D.O.]

[Footnote 49:  This message without words is the same as that which, according to Herodotus, was sent by Thrasybulus of Miletus to Periander of Corinth.  The trick by which Sextus gained the confidence of the people of Gabii is also related by him of Zophyrus and Darius.]

[Footnote 50:  The name “Tarpeian,” as given from the Tarpeia, whose story is told above, was generally confined to the rock or precipice from which traitors were thrown.  Its exact location on the Capitoline Hill does not seem positively determined; in fact, most of the sites on this hill have been subjects of considerable dispute.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 51:  The god of boundaries.  His action seems quite in keeping with his office.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 52:  The Cloaca Maxima, upon which Rome still relies for much of her drainage, is more generally attributed to Tarquinius Priscus.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 53:  The modern Segni, upward of thirty miles from Rome, on the Rome-Naples line.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 54:  On the coast, near Terracina.  The Promontoria Circeo is the traditional site of the palace and grave of Circe, whose story is told in the Odyssey.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 55:  Dullard.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 56:  In the Pomptine marshes, about twenty miles south of Rome and five from the coast.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 57:  Its site, about nine miles from Rome, on the road to Tivoli, is now known as Lunghezza.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 58:  The royal body-guard.  See the story of Romulus above.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 59:  Spurius Lucretius.—­D.O.]

BOOK II

THE FIRST COMMONWEALTH