[Footnote 22:  This vervain was used for religious purposes, and plucked up by the roots from consecrated ground; it was carried by ambassadors to protect them from violence.]

[Footnote 23:  This gate became later the starting-point of the Appian Way.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 24:  An imaginary sacred line that marked the bounds of the city.  It did not always coincide with the line of the walls, but was extended from time to time.  Such extension could only be made by a magistrate who had extended the boundaries of the empire by his victories,—­D.O.]

[Footnote 25:  Literally, “Horatian javelins.”—­D.O.]

[Footnote:  Evidently so established after the destruction of the inhabitants in the storming (see p. 17, above).—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 27:  Tiber and Anio.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 28:  Scourging and beheading, scourging to death, burying alive, and crucifixion (for slaves) may make us question the justice of this boast.  Foreign generals captured in war were only strangled.  Altogether, the Roman indifference to suffering was very marked as compared with the humanity of the Greeks.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 29:  The Lares were of human origin, being only the deified ancestors of the family:  the Penates of divine origin, the tutelary gods of the family.]

[Footnote 30:  “Curia Hostilia.”  It was at the northwest corner of the forum, northeast of the comitium.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 31:  Identified with Juno.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 32:  This story makes us suspect that it was the case of another warlike king who had incurred the enmity of the senate.  The patricians alone controlled or were taught in religious matters.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 33:  Supposed to be an Etruscan goddess, afterward identified with Jana, the female form of Janus, as was customary with the Romans.—­D.O.] The Janiculum [Footnote:  The heights across the Tiber.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 34:  Called Mamertinus; though apparently not until the Middle Ages.]

[Footnote 35:  Lucumo seems to have been, originally at least, an Etruscan title rather than name.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 36:  No one was noble who could not show images of his ancestors:  and no one was allowed to have an image who had not filled the highest offices of state:  this was called jus imaginum.]

[Footnote 37:  This part of the Via Nova probably corresponded pretty closely with the present Via S. Teodoro, and Tarquin’s house is supposed to have stood not far from the church of Sta.  Anastasia.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 38:  A white toga with horizontal purple stripes.  This was originally the royal robe.  Later it became the ceremonial dress of the equestrian order.  The Salii, priests of Mars Gradivus, also wore it—­D.O.]

[Footnote 39:  This was a quinquennial registering of every man’s age, family, profession, property, and residence, by which the amount of his taxes was regulated.  Formerly each full citizen contributed an equal amount.  Servius introduced a regulation of the taxes according to property qualifications, and clients and plebeians alike had to pay their contribution, if they possessed the requisite amount of property.]