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On June 19, 1995, Chinese authorities arrested American citizen Harry Wu on charges of spying, an act punishable by death. Wu, a Chinese-born human rights activist, had entered China to investigate human rights abuses in the communist nat...
About 122 pages (36,673 words) in 2 products

“Some revolutionary events, which we call wildcards, will inevitably occur.” John L. Petersen, The Road to 2015: Profiles of the Future, 1994 Futurists proffer an assortment of forecasts about the earth and humanity in the t...
About 305 pages (91,403 words) in 1 product

People have always looked at the stars and wondered if life existed on other planets. Several ancient cultures tell stories in which beings from the stars visit the earth. Not until the mid-twentieth century, however, did the phenomena of a...
About 153 pages (45,844 words) in 2 products

the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it has reached the stage of viability (in human beings, usually about the 20th week of gestation). An abortion may occur spontaneously, in which case it is also called a miscarriage, or it ma...
About 687 pages (206,223 words) in 50 products

Writing Research Papers, a guide for students working with Opposing Viewpoints books, is designed to help college students develop their own thinking and to write and report what they have learned to others. Written to help students think c...
About 111 pages (33,207 words) in 2 products

form of precipitation containing a heavy concentration of sulfuric and nitric acids. The term is also commonly applied to snow, sleet, and hail that manifest similar acidification. Such precipitation has become an increasingly serious envi...
About 141 pages (42,360 words) in 15 products

Inflammatory disease of the oil glands of the skin. Acne vulgaris, probably the most frequent chronic skin disorder, results from an interplay of hereditary factors, hormones, and bacteria, beginning in the teen years when overactive sebac...
About 99 pages (29,650 words) in 6 products

Drugs seem to occupy the American conscience. Hardly a day passes without some notice of drugs in newspapers and on TV. Addictions are uncontrollable actions. There are good addictions and bad addictions. A person can be addicted to nic...
About 376 pages (112,869 words) in 14 products

the act of establishing a person as parent to one who is not in fact or in law his child. Adoption is so widely recognized that it can be characterized as an almost worldwide institution with historical roots traceable to antiquity. In mos...
About 561 pages (168,199 words) in 9 products

in the United States, an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and for women. Affirmative action began as a government remedy to the effects of long-standing discrimination against ...
About 235 pages (70,443 words) in 33 products

city, Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Kiso River, in the northern part of the Owari plain. Kōnan has been a centre of sericulture (silk-production) since the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867) an...
About 101 pages (30,308 words) in 3 products

 
transmissible disease of the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a lentivirus (literally meaning “slow virus”; a member of the retrovirus family) that slowly attacks and destroys the immune sy...
About 557 pages (167,197 words) in 34 products

Any of a class of common organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups (&singlehorzbond;OH) attached to one or more of the carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. The number of other substituent groups (R) on that carbon atom mak...
About 283 pages (85,029 words) in 7 products

Excessive habitual consumption of alcoholic beverages despite physical, mental, social, or economic harm (e.g., cirrhosis, drunk driving and accidents, family strife, frequently missing work). Persons who drink large amounts of alcohol ove...
About 537 pages (161,220 words) in 30 products

Physical violence of all types, from slaps to murder, probably occurs more frequently in the family than in any other setting or group except the armed services or police in time of war or riot. This article summarizes the prevalence rates...
About 229 pages (68,777 words) in 3 products

    Our country is a hodgepodge  of minorities whom we still take for granted, leaving them on the other side of reality. In the essays "Custer Died for Your Sins," by Vine Deloria, Jr., "The Glass Half Empty," by Anna Q...
About 322 pages (96,526 words) in 16 products

The New Breed...
About 223 pages (67,001 words) in 1 product

Each book in the series contains a comprehensive index to help readers quickly locate material of interest. Perhaps most importantly, each volume has an annotated bibliography to aid interested students in conducting further research on the...
About 165 pages (49,558 words) in 1 product

“As social groups, cliques introduce young people to negative aspects of society, such as conflict and prejudice.” —Debra J. Jordan “Cliques are not an entirely negative aspect of the high school social structure...
About 184 pages (55,127 words) in 1 product

Agent that produces a local or general loss of sensation, including pain, and therefore is useful in surgery and dentistry. General anesthesia induces loss of consciousness, most often using hydrocarbons (e.g., cyclopropane, ethylene); hal...
About 126 pages (37,865 words) in 9 products

 
a fundamental category of existentialism. According to the 19th-century philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, dread, or angst, is a desire for what one fears and is central to his conception of original sin. For the 20th-century German phi...
About 80 pages (23,966 words) in 2 products

Animal Testing Introduction The application of animals to test a large number of products from household compounds and cosmetics to Pharmaceutical products has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Laboratory animals a...
About 546 pages (163,786 words) in 21 products

PARANORMAL PHENOMENA ARE creatures or occurrences that cannot be explained scientifically. Sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), reports of alien abductions, mental telepathy, ghosts, and miracles all fall into this category. So...
About 112 pages (33,690 words) in 2 products

Eating disorder, mostly in young women, characterized by a failure to maintain body weight at a normal level because of an intense desire to be thin, a fear of gaining weight, or a disturbance in body image. Anorexia nervosa typically begi...
About 145 pages (43,564 words) in 13 products

acute, infectious, febrile disease of animals and humans caused by Bacillus anthracis, a bacterium that under certain conditions forms highly resistant spores capable of persisting and retaining their virulence for many years. Although ant...
About 133 pages (39,877 words) in 11 products

hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious or racial group. The term anti-Semitism was coined in 1879 by the German agitator Wilhelm Marr to designate the anti-Jewish campaigns underway in central Europe at that time. A...
About 160 pages (47,892 words) in 3 products

In 1993 Abdul Momen, director of the human rights organization Women and Children International, traveled to Tungipara, Bangladesh, where more than one thousand children had been reported missing. The children’s mothers told Momen that the ...
About 104 pages (31,256 words) in 2 products

a variety of competitions in running, walking, jumping, and throwing events. Although these contests are called track and field (or simply track) in the United States, they are generally designated as athletics elsewhere. This article cove...
About 184 pages (55,251 words) in 3 products

a mass of material moving rapidly down a slope. An avalanche is typically triggered when material on a slope breaks loose from its surroundings; this material then quickly collects and carries additional material down the slope. There are ...
About 105 pages (31,620 words) in 6 products

JOHN ROCKER SEEMED to be going for some sort of record—how many bigoted remarks one person could make in a single magazine interview. "The biggest thing I don't like about New York," he told the reporter, "are the foreigners. I'm not ...
About 89 pages (26,591 words) in 3 products

Bilingual Education in the United States Aside from Native Americans, there are no indigenous "Americans" to speak of in the United States. The U.S. is therefore a large immigrant nation whose history has grown out of its ability to bring...
About 259 pages (77,659 words) in 7 products

the variety of life found in a place on Earth or, often, the total variety of life on Earth. A common measure of this variety, called species richness, is the count of species in an area. Colombia and Kenya, for example, each have more tha...
About 354 pages (106,072 words) in 13 products

any of a number of disease-producing agents—such as bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, fungi, toxins, or other biological agents—that may be utilized as weapons against humans, animals, or plants. The direct use of infectious agen...
About 238 pages (71,410 words) in 8 products

“The way bioethics works is that all the questions of right and wrong aren’t always all up for grabs at the same time.”  —Arthur Caplan, New York Times Magazine, December 15, 1996. Much of the world was in sho...
About 248 pages (74,305 words) in 1 product

With the human genome already decoded, science is at the height of its ingenuity. Everyday, millions of scientists worldwide are working to find cure for varies illnesses and diseases. Some have changed the course of human evolution throug...
About 212 pages (63,613 words) in 7 products

cosmic body of extremely intense gravity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole can be formed by the death of a massive star. When such a star has exhausted its internal thermonuclear fuels at the end of its life, it ...
About 128 pages (38,489 words) in 7 products

Witches have had a negative image for hundreds of years. Raymond Buckland, a witch himself, describes the popular conception of a witch as an old weather—beaten crone, having her chin and knees meeting for age, walking like a bow, l...
About 99 pages (29,710 words) in 2 products

In our modern world consisting of cell phones, fast cars, busy schedules, and over one hundred television channels, body piercing, tattoos and other variants of body modification are rapidly becoming increasingly popular. Teenagers an...
About 149 pages (44,651 words) in 4 products

Infectious fever caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, carried by the rat flea. It usually spreads to humans only when the flea runs out of rodent hosts. It takes three forms. Bubonic, the mildest, has characteristic swollen lymph nodes...
About 174 pages (52,257 words) in 11 products

Eating disorder, mostly in women, in which excessive concern with weight and body shape leads to binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour such as self-induced vomiting or the excessive use of laxatives or diuretics. The disorder typ...
About 121 pages (36,273 words) in 6 products

 
Uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells. Cancerous cells and tissues have abnormal growth rates, shapes, sizes, and functioning. Cancer may progress in stages from a localized tumour (confined to the site of origin) to direct extensi...
About 232 pages (69,474 words) in 26 products

execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense. Capital punishment should be distinguished from extrajudicial executions carried out without due process of law. The term death penalty i...
About 722 pages (216,670 words) in 60 products

In 1984, the first year of his assignment to the Boston diocese, Cardinal Bernard Law approved the transfer of Father John J. Geoghan to St. Julia’s parish in Weston, Massachusetts, despite substantial evidence that Geoghan had sexually abu...
About 151 pages (45,184 words) in 2 products

Act of changing or suppressing speech or writing that is considered subversive of the common good. In the past, most governments believed it their duty to regulate the morals of their people; only with the rise in the status of the individ...
About 938 pages (281,279 words) in 45 products

Principal intelligence and counterintelligence agency of the U.S., established in 1947 as a successor to the World War II-era Office of Strategic Services. The law limits its activities to foreign countries; it is prohibited from gathering...
About 251 pages (75,326 words) in 3 products

Paralysis resulting from abnormal development or damage to the brain before or soon after birth. Cases are of four main types: spastic, with spasms contracting the extremities and often also with intellectual disability and epilepsy; athet...
About 105 pages (31,344 words) in 6 products

A state, produced by repeated or prolonged drug exposure, in which the presence of drug in the body is required to maintain normal physiological function. This state is recognizable only by the occurrence of a withdrawal reaction when the ...
About 246 pages (73,916 words) in 6 products

Chemical spills are any accidental releases of synthetic chemicals that pose a risk to the environment. Spills occur at any of the steps between the production of a chemical and its use. A railroad tank car may spring a leak; a pipe in a...
About 73 pages (21,937 words) in 3 products

Treatment of diseases, including cancer, with chemicals. Some cancer drugs interfere with cancer-cell division or enzyme processes. However, they have serious side effects, attacking some healthy cells and reducing resistance to infection....
About 115 pages (34,532 words) in 8 products

the willful infliction of pain and suffering on children through physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment. Prior to the 1970s the term child abuse normally referred to only physical mistreatment, but since then its application has expan...
About 419 pages (125,803 words) in 14 products
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