Professor Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare, or Tony Hoare, has produced a large body of work relating to the definition and design of programming languages (Hoare's Logic), as well as several other innovations that allow computers to perfo...

C. Everett Koop (born 1916), one of America's most outspoken surgeons general, served two terms in the 1980s. Koop's appointment angered liberals. However, the conservative Christian doctor later alienated social conservatives by refusing ...

C. P. Snow's place in twentieth-century letters is unusual; no other major writer in any creative literary genre established himself also in science and in the high ranks of governmental and public service. And in an age in which most lead...

C. S. Lewis has several reputations. He was an important and respected critic and literary scholar, specializing in medieval and Renaissance English literature. To the public he has been well known for fifty years as an expositor and defen...

A pioneer in the manufacture and mass marketing of breakfast cereals and other consumer products, Charles William Post (1854-1914) attempted to use his wealth to affect various aspects of early 20th-century American life. Charles William P...

Christoph Hendrick Diederik Buys Ballot was one of the pioneers of weather forecasting. He made use of the newly invented telegraph to gather weather observations from stations many miles apart, then attempted to understand large scale wea...

Cab Calloway (1907-1994), blues and scat legend, entertained generations of people with his jazzy big band sounds. Even in his golden years, Calloway still traveled on the road and performed for his fans. Cab Calloway was a famous singer a...

The American botanist and politician Cadwallader Colden (1688-1776), a diverse thinker whose scholarship encompassed natural history, the nature of the universe, and medicine, was also lieutenant governor of New York. Cadwallader Colden wa...

George M. Cain labeled himself a "scorpio"; no other precise information about his early life is available except that he was born in 1943 and grew up in Harlem, where he attended both public and private schools. He entered Iona College in...

Like many screenwriters who came to Hollywood with a literary background, Calder Willingham clearly differentiates between the two forms in which he writes--novels and screenplays. He sees fiction as his "real work," his screenplays as wor...

Caligula (12-41) was the third emperor of Rome. At best, he was one of the most autocratic of Rome's early emperors; at worst, one of the most deranged. Caligula was born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus in Antium (modern Anzio) on Aug. 31, ...

S. Alice Callahan's Wynema: A Child of the Forest (1891) is probably the first novel published by an American Indian woman. Callahan's parents were Samuel Benton Callahan, who was one - eighth Creek and seven - eighths white, and Sarah Eli...

Between 1927 and 1934 Edgar (Ned) Calmer served as a reporter first for the Paris Tribune (the European edition of the Chicago Tribune) and later for the Paris Herald (the European edition of the New York Herald). He traveled widely in Eur...

The English statesman George Calvert 1st Baron Baltimore (ca. 1580-1632), was the founder of the colony of Maryland in America. George Calvert was born in Yorkshire about 1580, the son of Leonard and Alice Crossland Calvert. He matriculate...

John Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) was the thirtieth president of the United States. He has become symbolic of the smug and self-satisfied conservatism that helped bring on the Great Depression. Calvin Coolidge (he dropped the John after col...

Definitely a subject for further study is the poet George Frederick Cameron, much of whose work not only is unpublished at present but never was in print even during his lifetime. In fact the only volume of Cameron's poetry ever to appear,...

The French painter Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) was one of the original impressionists. Although his work is generally less innovative than that of his major contemporaries, it is no less important in reflecting the new style. Camille Piss...

Golgi was born in Corteno, Italy, on July 7, 1843, the son of a physician. His home town was later renamed Corteno-Golgi in his honor. Golgi studied medicine at the University of Pavia, where he received his M.D. in 1865. After graduation,...

The Spanish author Camilo José Cela y Trulock (born 1916) was a prose stylist of extraordinary ability. He is generally considered the major Spanish literary figure of the post-Civil War generation. Camilo José Cela was born ...

Wilfred Campbell was a late-Victorian and Edwardian Canadian poet who is frequently linked with Charles G. D. Roberts and Bliss Carman of New Brunswick, and with Archibald Lampman and Duncan Campbell Scott of Ontario. Like these two Ontari...

Candace B. Pert is a leading researcher in the field of chemical receptors, places in the body where molecules of a drug or natural chemical fit like a key into a lock, thus stimulating or inhibiting various physiological or emotional effe...

Candy Lightner (born 1946) transformed a personal tragedy into a crusade against drunk driving. She founded Mothers Against Drunk Driving, a grass-roots organization dedicated to curbing alcohol-related traffic deaths. Lightner was born Ma...

Theodore Canot (1804-1860) was a French-Italian adventurer and slave trader. His memoirs, notable for their vividness and general accuracy, illustrate the conduct and character of every branch of the slave trade. Theodore Canot, whose real...

Joseph Capen was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the son of John Capen. Little is known of his childhood. He graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1677 with an M.A. degree and served as minister in Dorchester for a short time. ...

Caracalla (188-217) was a Roman emperor whose reign was characterized by cruelty in his private life and irresponsibility in his public life. Son of Emperor Septimius Severus and his Syrian empress, Julia Domna, Caracalla was originally na...