This act set minimum federal standards for surface coal mining and reclamation of mining sites. The act requires that: (1) mine operators demonstrate reclamation capability; (2) previous uses must be restored and the land reshaped to its original contour, with topsoil replacement and replanting; (3) mining be prohibited on prime western agricultural land, with farmers and ranchers holding veto power; (4) the hydrologic environment must be protected, especially from acid drainage; and (5) a $4.1 billion fund be established to reclaim abandoned strip mines. States have enforcement responsibility, but the U.S. Department of the Interior steps in if they fail to act.