The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1810-1900
English inventor and engineer who made significant developments in the fields of hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding, and artillery production. Early in life Armstrong developed an interest in hydraulics and electricity, subjects upon which he became a popular lecturer. While studying the instruments and equipment being produced at Newcastle's High Bridge Works, he built his first hydraulic machine, which he later used to power cranes, hoists, dock gates, and bridges. During the Crimean War, the British War Office commissioned him to design and make submarine mines. This led him into the field of artillery, and in 1855 he designed a lightweight gun for field use, which fired lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. Later, he developed an interest in shipbuilding, and worked to furnish ships with more complex hydraulic equipment.