The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1880-1926
Austrian biologist who claimed that he had demonstrated the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Kammerer reported that he had induced the inheritance of pigmented thumb pads in the male midwife toad, which normally lacks such pads. His preserved specimens were examined in 1926 and the pads were found to have been artificially colored with India ink. Kammerer denied having altered his specimens, but he committed suicide shortly after the story became public. The controversy was examined by Arthur Koestler in The Case of the Midwife Toad (1971).