The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
(c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
All other sections in this Literature Study Guide are owned and copyrighted by BookRags, Inc.
Output is anything, meaningful or otherwise, that comes out of a computer. In a number of programming languages, including C++ and Java, a type of output is termed the output file stream. The output file stream refers to the stream of information that flows between two objects. In this case, one of the objects is information entered via a keyboard or from a file (the sender) and the other object is a file to which the information is to be routed (the receiver).
The file stream is in the form of bytes, such as ASCII characters. The output file stream can be used to place the output from a program directly into a file. When a file is opened, an object is created and a stream is associated with that object. The object that is opened is referred to as an ofstream object. The ofstream can write the data to an output file.
Generally, the output file stream ofstream is written as
The variable name can be any identifier that is recognizable in the programming language; out_file, for example.
The output file stream is closed when a particular task is completed (when the data has been placed in a file). To continue the above example, if the variable name selected was out_file, then the command to close would be: