The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1227-1292
Italian pope (born Girolamo Masci) who sent missionaries around the world, and received Rabban Bar Sauma (c. 1220-1294) from China. The first Franciscan pope, Nicholas was elected in 1288. Three years later, when the last crusader stronghold at Acre fell, he attempted unsuccessfully to organize a new crusade. Around this time, the Nestorian priest Bar Sauma arrived, and the two men joined in a second unsuccessful effort to launch a holy war against the Muslims. Nicholas sent missionaries to the Bulgars, Ethiopians, Tatars, and Chinese, the most celebrated of these being Giovanni da Montecorvino (1246-1328), who established the Catholic mission in Peking.