The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1818-1901
German physician who was a public health reformer and a founder of modern hygiene. Pettenkofer served as the first Professor of Hygiene at Munich. Although he was particularly interested in the origin of infectious diseases, he did not accept the germ theory of disease. Pettenkofer believed that poisonous miasmata (bad airs) in combination with polluted ground water spread infectious diseases. Therefore, he promoted the implementation of modern water and sewage systems as effective means of fighting epidemic diseases.