The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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c. 1030-1103
Alsatian philosopher who argued that Christian scholars should turn away from studies in physics and should not attempt to understand nature using reason alone. Manegold was almost a textbook case of the worldview that modern people associate with medieval times. In the Investiture Controversy, a church-state struggle that pitted Pope Gregory VII against Holy Roman emperor Henry IV, Manegold proved so biased in his allegiance to the pope and his disdain for the emperor—who he compared to an incompetent swineherd—that even the Catholic Encyclopedia refers to him as "the rude, fanatical Manegold of Lautenbach." Some modern political scholars, however, see in his defiance toward the emperor an early form of civil disobedience.