The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
(c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
All other sections in this Literature Study Guide are owned and copyrighted by BookRags, Inc.
According to local tradition, a Chinese inventor by the name of Wei Tang who lived about 1,500 years ago developed the first ink suitable for both brush writing and block printing. His ink was prepared from the soot of lamp black mixed with water.
Modern printing inks contain four basic components: pigments, solvents, resinous binders, and performance additives. In most printing inks, the solvents are oil-based, with petroleum-based oils most commonly used for this purpose. Vegetable-based inks, in which vegetable and petroleum oils are mixed, frequently consist in part of soybean, corn, cottonseed, or linseed oil. Printing inks made with vegetable oils release fewer volatile organic compounds in the printing plants, thereby enhancing occupational safety. (Although most inks are oil-based, some printing inks used in corrugated packaging, magazines, and newspapers are water-based.)
Most newspapers use soy ink for color printing. Because the price of color soy ink for newsprint is competitive to that of petroleum-based color ink, newspapers favor soy ink because of its superior performance, environmental friendliness, and vibrant colors. Soy ink can be used on virtually any lithographic press with no modifications or special cleaning agents.
Soy ink is very similar to petroleum-based printing ink, except that it contains varying amounts of soybean oil instead of petroleum oil. Soybean oil is non-toxic, as evidenced by its use in cooking oils, margarine, and salad dressings.
Research aimed at making soy-based inks more technologically competitive with petroleum-based inks has targeted the following objectives: increase the soy oil's molecular weight; improve the oil's viscous properties; increase the degree of conjugation in the oil; modify the oil by placing hydroxyl groups along the fatty acid chains; and chemically modifying the oil to add more acid groups to the molecule.