The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1673?-1751
British instrument maker and inventor famed for his astronomical instruments as well as his clocks and watches. Apprenticed to a London clockmaker in 1688, George Graham took over the business in 1713 then perfected the first successful deadbeat (or recoilless) escapement for clocks in 1715. For nearly 200 years it was standard equipment in observatories. In 1721, he invented the mercury compensation pendulum and the cylinder escapement for watches. Graham also developed a 5 feet (1.52 m) mural quadrant with telescopic sights in 1742 as well as other astronomical instruments.