The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1758-1828
German physiologist and anatomist who was the originator of phrenology, the attempt to determine intelligence and personality from the shape of the skull. Gall was convinced that certain mental functions were centered in specific parts of the brain, and that the shape of a person's skull showed the degree of development of the various parts of his or her brain. His ideas were condemned by the Austrian government as anti-religious and he was forced out of the country in 1805. Though phrenology has been discredited, Gall's ideas about localized brain functions were later proven.