The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1858-1931
African-American physician who performed one of the earliest open-heart operations. In 1893 a young stabbing victim was brought to Provident Hospital in Chicago. Williams opened the chest, exposed the heart, and sutured the wound in the pericardium, the membrane that covers the heart. Although at the time operating on the heart was considered impossible, the patient survived. Williams contributed to improvements in Freedmen's Hospital in Washington, DC, and other aspects of medical care and medical education for African-Americans.