The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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Substances with positive magnetic susceptibilites are said to be paramagnetic, which implies that they will have induced magnetic moments in the direction of an applied magnetic field. A ferromagnet, on the other hand, has a spontaneous magnetic moment, i.e., a magnetic moment even in the absence of an applied magnetic field.
In ferromagnetic materials, a transition occurs between the magnetized state (for example, of iron or nickel) at low temperatures and an unmagnetized state at high temperatures. The magnetization exhibits decreases gradually to zero rather than changing abruptly, but there does exist a temperature (called the Curie point after Pierre Curie who investigated it) at which the drop in magnetization becomes especially pronounced. The Curie point is thus considered to be the temperature where the spontaneous magnetization vanishes. It separates the disordered paramagnetic phase (at higher temperatures) from the ordered ferromagnetic phase (at lower temperatures).
The magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to absolute temperature. The modified law proposed by Curie and French physicist Pierre Weiss (1865-1940) for ferromagnetic materials above their Curie points, which states the susceptibility is proportional to the reciprocal of the difference between the absolute temperature and the Curie temperature, is often obeyed.