The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
(c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1909-1972
Canadian bacteriologist whose research with Oswald Avery determined that DNA was the molecular agent responsible for transforming harmless avirulent bacteria into disease-causing virulent bacteria. Macleod and his colleagues isolated DNA from heat killed, virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae and exposed it to living, avirulent cells. The DNA from the dead, virulent cells was able to transform the live, harmless strains into encapsulated virulent ones. The ability to absorb and incorporate DNA from dead bacteria occurs in several important bacterial genera and involves traits such as encapsulation, pathogenicity, and drug resistance.