The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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c. 331-232 B.C.
Greek Stoic philosopher who instigated campaigns of popular resentment against Heraklides of Pontus (c. 390-c. 310) and Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310-c. 230). Cleanthes attacked Heracleides for claiming that Earth rotated about its own axis; and he charged Aristarchus with sacrilege for proposing a heliocentric cosmology in which the world was displaced from its rightful place at the center of the universe. Cleanthes's main contribution to Stoic physics was the introduction of the concept of tonos (tension).