The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
(c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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The butyl group corresponds to the group C4H9. The name comes from butyric acid, an acid that has the smell of rancid butter. This fact gives rise to its name, i.e., butyl comes from the Latin word butyrum, meaning butter.
There are two possible arrangements of the atoms in the butyl group, which means there are two isomers: n-butyl and isobutyl. With n-butyl, all four carbon atoms lie in a straight chain, i.e., CH3CH2CH2CH2-; in the case of isobutyl, there are three carbon atoms in a straight chain with the remaining one being joined to the central carbon atom, i.e., (CH3)2CHCH2.
The butyl group is found in a number of organic compounds, e.g., n-butyl [CH3CH2CH2CH2OH] and isobutyl [(CH3)2CHCH2OH] alcohol, n- butylamine [CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2] and isobutyamine [(CH3)2CHCH2NH2], and n-butyl aldehyde [CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO] and isobutyl aldehyde [(CH3)2CHCH2CHO. The characteristics of these groups are determined mainly by the functional group. The presence and size of the butyl group modifies such physical properties as the melting and boiling points of chemical compounds.
Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber made by co-polymerizing 2-methylpropene and methyl-1,3-diene. This rubber can be vulcanized (treated under heat and pressure with sulfur to improve elasticity and strength). It has been extensively used in the manufacture of inner tubes for cars and bicycles.