The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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fl. c. 1220-c. 1250
Also called Bartholomew the Englishman, he was a professor of theology at the University of Paris who joined the Franciscan order (about 1225) and began composing the first comprehensive encyclopedia of sciences of the time. Medieval scholars defined science as knowledge, so topics included theology and philosophy along with medicine, zoology, botany, geography, mineralogy, and other earth sciences. Bartholomew's presentation of these latter reflect the influence of Aristotle's Meteorologica, and he followed a few earlier thinkers in defining wind as air in motion, not as Aristotle's earthly exhalation. The work was a great success, and was copied over and over and printed at least fourteen times before 1500.