The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
(c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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Astatine is a member of the halogen family, the elements that make up Group 17 of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 85, its atomic mass is 209.9871, and its chemical symbol is At.
All isotopes of astatine are radioactive. They have such short half lives that it has been difficult to determine the element's properties. No melting point, boiling point, or density data are available for the element. Experiments that have been conducted on the element show that its chemical properties are similar to those of the other halogens in Group 17.
Astatine is a very rare element. Scientists estimate that no more than about 25 grams of the element exist on the Earth's surface. Astatine can also be prepared artificially in particle accelerators, although no more than about a millionth of a gram has been produced by that method so far.
Astatine was one of the last of the naturally occurring elements to be discovered. It was found in 1940 by three chemists working at the University of California, Dale R. Corson, Kenneth R. Mackenzie, and Emilio Segrè (1905-89). The element was named after the Greek word for "unstable," which is astatos.
Astatine is too rare to have any practical uses. Even its use in research is very limited because of its scarcity.
There is evidence that astatine behaves like iodine in the body. That is, it tends to concentrate in the thyroid gland. If that fact is true, one possible future use for astatine is the treatment of thyroid disorders.