The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
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The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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1874-1955
Portuguese physician, neurologist, and politician whose introduction of prefrontal lobotomy as psychosurgery in 1936 won him the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1949. Of more lasting value was his work in neuroradiology, diagnostic techniques that allow doctors to see into the living brain. Around 1926 he invented cerebral angiography. This involved inserting an opaque contrast medium such as thorium dioxide into both carotid arteries, then using x rays to find brain tumors and other lesions.