The enlightenment took a major role in the development and construction of modern Europe. During the enlightenment, many inventions were created, new philosophical ideas were being discussed in massive forums by massive crowds, and now by the average citizen instead of scholars and philosophers. Many revolutions took place, politically, geographically, religiously, and demographically shifting the face of Europe. Literature and art became important and sources of power for the wealthy. Art took new form, being viewed with different perceptions and perspectives. Writers started to speak their mind, even if it meant going against their government's or even church's ideas. The enlightenment shaped the Europe we know today in four distinct and important ways.

Many changes occurred in the political aspect of Europe. Many monarchies were overthrown just to be replaced with a separate monarchy. Philosophes were born who dared to oppose the government and its ideas...