After the end of World War II, two nations remained dominant: the United States and the Soviet Union. From roughly 1945 to 1990, The U.S. and the Soviet Union did not engage in direct military conflict, but they prepared for it. After massive military build-ups and periods of mounting tensions, the Cold War subsided as Communist regimes collapsed and Germany became whole again. Since then, emerging actors have joined states to collectively impact international society, and an important question to ask is: Are non-state actors becoming more important than state actors? Although non-state actors, such as terrorists and region states, have become increasingly important in the modern world, states remain the primary actors since they influence non-state actors, and ultimately provide order in the international society.

Due to fast-spreading information and technology, globalization is rapidly affecting states. The end of the Cold War heralded a change in hierarchical structure...