of manhood, anywhere between thirty and forty years
of age. Everything about him was colossal, and
he was full of a primitive exuberance and strength.
I never gathered that he set much store by my acquaintance.
Indeed, he did not seem to care for merely intellectual
men; what he demanded was men of reckless energy.
As I afterwards perceived, theory in this case had
more weight with him than purely personal sentiment;
and he talked much and expatiated freely on the matter.
His general mode of discussion was the Socratic method,
and he seemed quite at his ease when, stretched on
his host’s hard sofa, he could argue discursively
with a crowd of all sorts of men on the problems of
revolution. On these occasions he invariably
got the best of the argument. It was impossible
to triumph against his opinions, stated as they were
with the utmost conviction, and overstepping in every
direction even the extremest bounds of radicalism.
So communicative was he, that on the very first evening
of our meeting he gave me full details about the various
stages of his development, he was a Russian officer
of high birth, but smarting under the yoke of the
narrowest martial tyranny, he had been led by a study
of Rousseau’s writings to escape to Germany
under pretence of taking furlough. In Berlin
he had flung himself into the study of philosophy
with all the zest of a barbarian newly awakened to
civilisation. Hegel’s philosophy was the
one which was the rage at that moment, and he soon
became such an expert in it, that he had been able
to hurl that master’s most famous disciples from
the saddle of their own philosophy, in a thesis couched
in terms of the strictest Hegelian dialectic.
After he had got philosophy off his chest, as he expressed
it, he proceeded to Switzerland, where he preached
communism, and thence wandered over France and Germany
back to the borderland of the Slav world, from which
quarter he looked for the regeneration of humanity,
because the Slavs had been less enervated by civilisation.
His hopes in this respect were centred in the more
strongly pronounced Slav type characteristic of the
Russian peasant class. In the natural detestation
of the Russian serf for his cruel oppressor the nobleman,
he believed he could trace a substratum of simple-minded
brotherly love, and that instinct which leads animals
to hate the men who hunt them. In support of
this idea he cited the childish, almost demoniac delight
of the Russian people in fire, a quality on which
Rostopschin calculated in his strategic burning of
Moscow. He argued that all that was necessary
to set in motion a world-wide movement was to convince
the Russian peasant, in whom the natural goodness
of oppressed human nature had preserved its most childlike
characteristics, that it was perfectly right and well
pleasing to God for them to burn their lords’
castles, with everything in and about them. The
least that could result from such a movement would
be the destruction of all those things which, rightly


