The creation of this Department was for the more immediate benefit of a large class of our most valuable citizens, and I trust that the liberal basis upon which it has been organized will not only meet your approbation, but that it will realize at no distant day all the fondest anticipations of its most sanguine friends and become the fruitful source of advantage to all our people.

On the 22d day of September last a proclamation was issued by the Executive, a copy of which is herewith submitted.  In accordance with the purpose expressed in the second paragraph of that paper, I now respectfully recall your attention to what may be called “compensated emancipation.”

A nation may be said to consist of its territory, its people, and its laws.  The territory is the only part which is of certain durability.  “One generation passeth away and another generation cometh, but the earth abideth forever.”  It is of the first importance to duly consider and estimate this ever-enduring part.  That portion of the earth’s surface which is owned and inhabited by the people of the United States is well adapted to be the home of one national family, and it is not well adapted for two or more.  Its vast extent and its variety of climate and productions are of advantage in this age for one people, whatever they might have been in former ages.  Steam, telegraphs, and intelligence have brought these to be an advantageous combination for one united people.

In the inaugural address I briefly pointed out the total inadequacy of disunion as a remedy for the differences between the people of the two sections.  I did so in language which I can not improve, and which, therefore, I beg to repeat:  One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended.  This is the only substantial dispute.  The fugitive-slave clause of the Constitution and the law for the suppression of the foreign slave trade are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a community where the moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself.  The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each.  This I think, can not be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before.  The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived without restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other.  Physically speaking, we can not separate.  We can not remove our respective sections from each other nor build an impassable wall between them.  A husband and wife may be divorced and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our country can not do this.  They can not but remain face to face, and intercourse, either amicable or hostile,