The new commercial treaty between the United States and the Sultan of Turkey has been carried into execution.

A commercial and consular treaty has been negotiated, subject to the Senate’s consent, with Liberia, and a similar negotiation is now pending with the Republic of Hayti.  A considerable improvement of the national commerce is expected to result from these measures.  Our relations with Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Prussia, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy, Rome, and the other European States remain undisturbed.  Very favorable relations also continue to be maintained with Turkey, Morocco, China, and Japan.

During the last year there has not only been no change of our previous relations with the independent States of our own continent, but more friendly sentiments than have heretofore existed are believed to be entertained by these neighbors, whose safety and progress are so intimately connected with our own.  This statement especially applies to Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, Peru, and Chile.  The commission under the convention with the Republic of New Granada closed its session without having audited and passed upon all the claims which were submitted to it.  A proposition is pending to revive the convention, that it may be able to do more complete justice.  The joint commission between the United States and the Republic of Costa Rica has completed its labors and submitted its report.  I have favored the project for connecting the United States with Europe by an Atlantic telegraph, and a similar project to extend the telegraph from San Francisco to connect by a Pacific telegraph with the line which is being extended across the Russian Empire.  The Territories of the United States, with unimportant exceptions have remained undisturbed by the civil war; and they are exhibiting such evidence of prosperity as justifies an expectation that some of them will soon be in a condition to be organized as States and be constitutionally admitted into the Federal Union.

The immense mineral resources of some of those Territories ought to be developed as rapidly as possible.  Every step in that direction would have a tendency to improve the revenues of the Government and diminish the burdens of the people.  It is worthy of your serious consideration whether some extraordinary measures to promote that end can not be adopted.  The means which suggests itself as most likely to be effective is a scientific exploration of the mineral regions in those Territories with a view to the publication of its results at home and in foreign countries—­results which can not fail to be auspicious.

The condition of the finances will claim your most diligent consideration.  The vast expenditures incident to the military and naval operations required for the suppression of the rebellion have hitherto been met with a promptitude and certainty unusual in similar circumstances, and the public credit has been fully maintained.  The continuance of the war, however, and the increased disbursements made necessary by the augmented forces now in the field demand your best reflections as to the best modes of providing the necessary revenue without injury to business and with the least possible burdens upon labor.