provinces.  November 14, 1851.—­Outbreak at Chagres.  Man-of-war requested for Chagres.  June 27, 1853.—­Insurrection at Bogota, and consequent disturbance on Isthmus.  War vessel demanded.  May 23, 1854—­Political disturbances; war vessel requested.  June 28, 1854.—­Attempted revolution.  October 24, 1854.—­Independence of Isthmus demanded by provincial legislature.  April, 1856.—­Riot, and massacre of Americans.  May 4, 1856.—­Riot.  May 18, 1856.—­Riot.  June 3, 1856.—­Riot.  October 2, 1856.—­Conflict between two native parties.  United States forces landed.  December 18, 1858.—­Attempted secession of Panama.  April, 1859.—­Riots.  September, 1860.—­Outbreak.  October 4, 1860.—­Landing of United States forces in consequence.  May 23, 1861.—­Intervention of the United States forces required by intendente.  October 2, 1861.—­Insurrection and civil war.  April 4, 1862.—­Measures to prevent rebels crossing Isthmus.  June 13, 1862.—­Mosquera’s troops refused admittance to Panama.  March, 1865.—­Revolution, and United States troops landed.  August, 1865.—­Riots; unsuccessful attempt to invade Panama.  March, 1866.—­Unsuccessful revolution.  April, 1867.—­Attempt to overthrow Government.  August, 1867.—­Attempt at revolution.  July 5, 1868.—­Revolution; provisional government inaugurated.  August 29, 1868.—­Revolution; provisional government overthrown.  April, 1871.—­Revolution; followed apparently by counter revolution.  April, 1873.—­Revolution and civil war which lasted to October, 1875.  August, 1876.—­Civil war which lasted until April, 1877.  July, 1878.—­Rebellion.  December, 1878.—­Revolt.  April, 1879.—­Revolution.  June, 1879.—­Revolution.  March, 1883.—­Riot.  May, 1883.—­Riot.  June, 1884.—­Revolutionary attempt.  December, 1884.—­Revolutionary attempt.  January, 1885.—­Revolutionary disturbances.  March, 1885.—­Revolution.  April, 1887.—­Disturbance on Panama Railroad.  November, 1887.—­Disturbance on line of canal.  January, 1889.—­Riot.  January, 1895.—­Revolution which lasted until April.  March, 1895.—­Incendiary attempt.  October, 1899.—­Revolution.  February, 1900, to July, 1900.—­Revolution.  January, 1901—­Revolution.  July, 1901.—­Revolutionary disturbances.  September, 1901.—­City of Colon taken by rebels.  March, 1902.—­Revolutionary disturbances.  July, 1902.—­Revolution.  The above is only a partial list of the revolutions, rebellions, insurrections, riots, and other outbreaks that have occurred during the period in question; yet they number 53 for the 57 years.  It will be noted that one of them lasted for nearly three years before it was quelled; another for nearly a year.  In short, the experience of over half a century has shown Colombia to be utterly incapable of keeping order on the Isthmus.  Only the active interference of the United States has enabled her to preserve so much as a semblance of sovereignty.  Had it not been for the exercise by the United States of the police power in her interest, her connection with the