toxic matters, with the resulting headaches, dizziness, loss of appetite, and intense nervousness.  To obviate this tendency to constipation, plenty of fruit and vegetables should be eaten, as well as cereals if the woman is taking a good deal of outdoor exercise, otherwise the latter had better be omitted.  The woman should drink plenty of water—­ at least three pints a day; this acts as a laxative as well as to flush out the kidneys.  If, in spite of all these measures, constipation still persists, as it probably will, a seidlitz powder can be taken the first thing on rising in the morning; or from one teaspoonful to one tablespoonful of the effervescing granules of the phosphate of soda in a glass of water, also to be taken on rising in the morning; or one-half grain of the solid extract of cascara sagrada night and morning.  The object of these is to keep the bowels open, but purgation must always be avoided.

Bladder Symptoms.—­ If there is any irritability of the bladder, any scalding on urination, or a very great frequency of emptying the bladder in the early months of pregnancy, a physician should be consulted at once; in the last months of pregnancy there is a desire to evacuate the bladder frequently, and sometimes at the last there is an incontinence of urine, which is due to the descent of the uterus and the great pressure on the bladder; this condition disappears with the confinement.

Leucorrhea.—­ If this is present to any marked degree, the vaginal douche should be continued throughout the pregnancy; the temperature of the douche should be from 110° to 112° F.; it must never be taken very hot or very cold.  The fountain syringe should be used, and the bag should not be hung more than three feet above the bed, so that there shall not be too much force to the stream of water.

Baths.—­ Warm tub-baths may be taken throughout the pregnancy, but never oftener than twice a week, and the woman should never stay in the tub longer than is absolutely necessary for the bath, as otherwise the bath is too enervating.  A daily sponge-bath of cool or cold salt water at a temperature of from 80° to 70° F., and in the proportion of a pint of rock or sea salt to a gallon of water is most invigorating, and counteracts many of the nervous symptoms and promotes sleep and good digestion.  The temperature of the room in which this bath is taken should be 72° F. Shower-baths cause too great a shock to the nervous system, and they as well as foot-baths must be prohibited.  Sitz-baths at a temperature from 110° to 90° F. may be taken just before retiring throughout the pregnancy.  The frequency and duration of the bath as well as the temperature should be regulated by the attending physician.  In cases of intense nervousness and insomnia these baths have an excellent sedative effect.  A pregnant woman must never under any circumstances take ocean baths, since there is always great danger that the shock of the waves will cause an abortion.  Sea-voyages should be avoided because of the severe nausea and vomiting, as well as the danger that the lurching of the vessel may cause miscarriage.