Two rather curious ironstone dykes, standing square and wall-like above the ground, occur in these hills, some seven miles apart, running nearly North and South and parallel; between them a deep but narrow creek, a saltbush flat, and a ridge of diorite.  Standing out prominently to the south of the first dyke are two sugar-loaf hills, and, beyond them, distant ranges are visible.  Leaving the range the country to the East underwent a distinct change for the worse; and midday of July 31st found us on the borders of an unmistakable desert, the North-West corner of the Great Victoria Desert.  We had so far travelled 110 miles from Cutmore’s Well, only some 250 in a direct line from Coolgardie and were already in the desert!  Wilderness perhaps would be a better name for this part; for the sand now flat, now blown into dunes, is not bare, but overgrown by the hateful spinifex and timbered pretty thickly with desert gums (eucalyptus EUDESMOIDES) and low acacia bushes.

I am told that the term “spinifex,” though generally employed by those who have the pleasure of the acquaintance of the plant, is wrongly used.  I do not know its right name, and have seen it described as “Spinifex,” “Porcupine Grass,” “Triodia,” “Triodia PUNGENS,” and “FESTUCA IRRITANS.”  Why such a wretched, useless plant should have so many names I cannot say.  So often am I bound to refer to it that I might vary the monotony by using each in turn.  However, I will stick to the term I have always heard used.  “Spinifex” grows in round, isolated hummocks, one to three feet high; these hummocks are a dense mass of needle-like prickles, and from them grow tall blades of very coarse grass to a height of sometimes six feet.  Occasionally the hummocks are not round or isolated, but grow in crescent form or almost complete rings, sometimes there is no top growth—­however it grows it is most accursed vegetation to walk through, both for men and camels.  Whatever form it takes it seems to be so arranged that it cannot be stepped over or circumvented—­one must in consequence walk through it and be pricked, unpleasantly.  Camels and horses suffer rather severely sometimes, the constant pricking causing sores on their legs.  So long, however, as a camel does not drag his hind legs he will be no worse treated than by having all the hair worn off his shins.  The side of the foot is an easily affected spot, and a raw there, gives them great pain and is hard to cure.

There are two varieties of spinifex known to bushmen—­“spinifex” and “buck” (or “old man”) spinifex.  The latter is stronger in the prickle and practically impossible to get through, though it may be avoided by twists and turns.  There are a few uses for this horrible plant; for example, it forms a shelter and its roots make food for the kangaroo, or spinifex, rat, from its spikes the natives (in the northern districts) make a very serviceable gum, it burns freely, serves in a measure to bind the sand