To-day we had a good deal of country covered with ironstone gravel; we passed a few grassy patches with, here and there, some salt bush and acacia flats; there were also many desert shrubs and narrow thickets.  The camp was fixed nearly under the brow of the ridge we had steered for, and it was quite evident, though a few ridges yet appeared for a short distance farther east, that we had at length reached the desert’s edge and the commencement of the watershed of the western coast.  It will be observed that in my journey through the scrubs to Perth, I had met with no creeks or water-sheds at all, until after I reached the first outlying settlement.

The question which now arose was, what kind of country existed between us and my farthest watered point in 1874 at the Rawlinson Range?  In a perfectly straight line it would be 450 miles.  The latitude of this camp was 24 degrees 16’ 6”.  I called it the Red Ridge camp.  Since my last attack of ophthalmia, I suffer great pain and confusion when using the sextant.  The attack I have mentioned in this journey was by no means the only one I have had on my numerous journeys; I have indeed had more or less virulent attacks for the last twenty years, and I believe the disease is now chronic, though suppressed.  From the Red Ridge camp we went about eight miles east-north-east, and I found under a mass of low scrubby hills or rises tipped with red sandstone, a rocky cleft in the ground, round about which were numerous old native encampments; I could see water under a rock; the cleft was narrow, and slanted obliquely downwards; it was not wide enough to admit a bucket.  There was amply sufficient water for all my camels, but it was very tedious work to get enough out with a quart pot; the rock was sandstone.  There was now no doubt in my mind, that all beyond this point was pure and unrelieved desert, for we were surrounded by spinifex, and the first waves of the dreaded sandhills were in view.  The country was entirely open, and only a sandy undulation to the eastward bounded the horizon.  The desert had to be crossed, or at least attempted, even if it had been 1000 miles in extent; I therefore wasted no time in plunging into it, not delaying to encamp at this last rocky reservoir.  After watering our camels we made our way for about four miles amongst the sandhills.  As we passed by, I noticed a solitary desert oak-tree, Casuarina decaisneana, and a number of the Australian grass-trees, Xanthorrhoea.  The country was almost destitute of timber, except that upon the tops of the parallel lines of red sandhills, which mostly ran in a north-east and south-west direction, a few stunted specimens of the eucalypt, known as blood-wood or red gum existed.  This tree grows to magnificent proportions in Queensland, and down the west coast from Fremantle, always in a watered region.  Heaven only knows how it ever got here, or how it could grow on the tops of red sandhills.  Having stopped to water our camels at the rocky cleft, our first day’s march into the desert was only eleven miles.  Our camp at night was in latitude 24 degrees 12’ 22”.