they meant the same body before which, in 1555, Charles had resigned his sovereignty to Philip.  The royal commissioners made an extremely unsatisfactory answer, concluding with a request that all cities, fortresses, and castles, then in the power of the estates, together with all their artillery and vessels of war, should be delivered to the King.  The Roman Catholic worship, it was also distinctly stated, was to be re-established at once exclusively throughout the Netherlands; those of the Reformed religion receiving permission, for that time only, to convert their property into cash within a certain time, and to depart the country.

Orange and the estates made answer on the 21st March.  It could not be called hard, they said, to require the withdrawal of the Spanish troops, for this had been granted in 1559, for less imperious reasons.  The estates had, indeed, themselves made use of foreigners, but those foreigners had never been allowed to participate in the government.  With regard to the assembly of the states-general, that body had always enjoyed the right of advising with the Sovereign on the condition of the country, and on general measures of government.  Now it was only thought necessary to summon them, in order that they might give their consent to the King’s “requests.”  Touching the delivery of cities and citadels, artillery and ships, the proposition was, pronounced to resemble that made by the wolves to the sheep, in the fable—­that the dogs should be delivered up, as a preliminary to a lasting peace.  It was unreasonable to request the Hollanders to abandon their religion or their country.  The reproach of heresy was unjust, for they still held to the Catholic Apostolic Church, wishing only to purify, it of its abuses.  Moreover, it was certainly more cruel to expel a whole population than to dismiss three or four thousand Spaniards who for seven long years had been eating their fill at the expense of the provinces.  It would be impossible for the exiles to dispose of their property, for all would, by the proposed measure, be sellers, while there would be no purchasers.

The royal plenipotentiaries, making answer to this communication upon the 1st of April, signified a willingness that the Spanish soldiers should depart, if the states would consent to disband their own foreign troops.  They were likewise in favor of assembling the states-general, but could not permit any change in the religion of the country.  His Majesty had sworn to maintain the true worship at the moment of assuming the sovereignty.  The dissenters might, however, be allowed a period of six months in which to leave the land, and eight or ten years for the sale of their property.  After the heretics had all departed, his Majesty did not doubt that trade and manufactures would flourish again, along with the old religion.  As for the Spanish inquisition, there was not, and there never had been, any intention of establishing it in the Netherlands.